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Image from page 4 of "Florists' review [microform]" (1912)

Hess Pottery, Reeds Spring, Missouri
Title: Florists' review [microform] Identifier: 5205536_43_1 Year: 1912 (1910s) Authors: Subjects: Floriculture Publisher: Chicago : Florists' Pub. Co Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: A. Advance Co 96 Alfred Lozier Bosery 64 • Allen, J. K 67 Alpha Flo. Co 66 American Bulb Co.. 70 American Flower Shop 64 American Forestry.. 76 American Gr'nhouse Mfg. Co in " Amllng Co 23 Amllng Co., A. F... 81 Andersen Specialty. 86 Anderson, S. A.... 52 Angermueller, G. H. 29 Aphlne Mfg. Co 86 Archlas Floral Co... 56 Armacost & Co 44 Arnold, A. A 35 Art Floral Co 63 Artlndale & Son.... 61 Aschmann, G 79 Aschmann Bros. .. 81 Ashbome Goldfish... 35 Atchison Seed & Flower Store .... 64 Athletic Club Florist 63 Audubon Nursery... 81 Aurora Greenhouse.. 57 Avenue Floral Co... 60 B. Bader Co 79 Baer, Julius 58 Bailey, Harry 43 Bailey & Sons Co... 60 Baker Bros 60 Baker, W. J 31 Baldwin Co 81 Ball, C. D 79 Baltimore Wholesale Florist & Supply.. 65 Bancroft & Son 64 Barnard Co I Barnes. W. J 56 Barr & Co., B. P... 59 Bassett & Washburn 6 Bath, John H 64 Baumer, A. R 54 Baur Floral Co 59 Baur & Steinkamp.. 80 Baur Window Glass 87 Bauscher, John 57 Bayersdorfer & Co.. 82 Beard Floral Co 62 Beaven, B. A 39 Becker's Conserva- tories 65 Begerow, A. C.... 52 Bell Floral Co 59 Belmont Flower Shop 55 Bemb Floral Co 62 Berger Bros 30 Berger'B Sons, Wm. 69 Beming, H. 0 28 Bertermann Bros. .. 58 Besancon & Co 59 Beyer Floral Co.... 59 Bills Floral Co 64 Blsslnger, J. A 62 Blackistone, Z. D... 61 Blake's 58 Blake & Son 86 Bolgiano & Son 69 Bonnet & Blake.... 67 Boston Florist 63 Boston Floral Sup- ply Co 86 Boston Fir. Store. 60 Bourn's Fir. Shop.. 63 Bowe, M. A 63 Boyle & Da maud... 62 Brague & Son 38 Bramley & Son 68 Braslan Co 68 Breitmeyer's Sons.. 62 Bright Spot Green- houses 62 Brinkerhoff Gmhses. 56 Broadway Florists.. 63 Brodrib. J. A 65 Brooklyn Wholesale Cut Flo. Co 67 Brown, A. 0 66 Brown Bag Filling Machine Co 69 Brown Bros 66 Bruns, H. N 66 Bryan, A. J 79 Buckbee, H. W 57 Budlong, J. A 26 Burlington Willow ware Shops 47 Burnett Bros 68 Bums. H. H 53 Burpee Co 68 0. Caldwell, Woodsman 88 Oallforaia Florist... 63 Callahan, M. J 69 Carbone, ■ Philip L.. 55 Carolina Fir. Store. 61 Cartwright Flo. Co. 62 Cass, W. & T 52 Central Floral Co... 62 Chapin Bros 64 Charleston Cut Flo. 61 Chatham Flo. Co 63 Chattahoochee Flo. Co 88 Chicago Carton Co.. 33 Chicago Feed & Fertilizer Co 85 Chicago Flower Growers' Assn. .. 25 Childs, John Lewis. 73 Cincinnati Cut Flow- er Exchange ... 65 Clark, G. R 59 Clark Seed Co 68 Clarke Bros 63 Clarke's Sons 63 Classified Advs 88 Climax Mfg. Co 33 Clody's Fir. Shop.. 66 Coggan, S. W 62 Cohen & Hlller 66 Cokely, B. E. & J. T 87 Colorado Seed Co... 39 Colton, John B 58 Columbia Flo. Co... 56 Comley, Henry R... 55 Conard & Jones 78 CQombs 65 Cottage Gardens Nurs 46 Cotton. W. P 61 Cowee. W. J 47 Coy Seed Co 68 Crabb, A. P 62 Craig Co., R 79 Crescent Garden.... 59 Critcliell, C. B 39 Crouch, Chas. W... 64 Crowl Fern Co 38 Crump, Frank P... 62 Curry & Co 39 Curtis the Florist... 60 D. Danish Seed Import. 69 Danker 62 Darbee, Mrs. R. B.. 63 Dards. Chas. A 53 Darling's Fir. Shop. 63 Day Co 52 De Buck. J 81 Denver Wholesale Florists' Co 66 Dethlefs, Wm 62 Dial Garden Ornhse. 60 Dletsch Co.. A 85 Dingleys 61 Diserens 64 Dixon Crucible Co.. 83 Donaghue, Alfred... 64 Donart's 63 Domer & Son* Co... 80 Drake & Co 66 Dreer. H. A...73-86-87 Drumm Floral Co... 60 Dniry, H. F 57 Dudley Sons Co 61 Duerr. Chas. A 68 Duluth Floral Co... 64 Dumke Floral Co... 60 Dunlop, John H.... 65 Durham Floral Co... 61 Duro Paper Products 33 E. Bast Lawn Gardens. 68 Bble. Chas 60 Ecke, A 44 Bdlefsen-Leidlger .. 60 Edwards Floral Co.. 62 Ehle, Fred G 44 Eldred Flower Shop. 63 Elk Galax & Fem.. 40 Elverson Pottery... 84 Elyria Fir. Shoppe. 68 Empire Flower Shop 69 Enid Floral Co 60 Enomoto Sc Co 43 Bme & Co 24 Bspelln-Warren .... 62 Evans the Florist... 62 Evans Co., John A. .IV Evansville Nurs. .. 78 Bvenden Bros 69 Exotic Nurseries ... 43 r. Fallon, Florist 61 Fallon, J. J 61 Farmers Nursery .. 76 Feast, S., Sc Sons... 64 Fellouris, J. J 66 Fetters, B. A 62 Pexy, D 68 Fields, L. 0 64 Text Appearing After Image: WTj&f CAXTON BUILDING 508 South Dearborn Street CHICAGO TT is impossible to s^uarantee the insertion, discontinu- ance or alteration of any advek-tisement unless instruc- tions are received by 4 p, m. TUESDAY. Fischer, Rudolph ... 46 Fish Seed Co 69 Fleischman 61 Flick Floral Co 59 Floral Exchange ... 63 Florists' Telegraph Delivery 49 Flower Shop... 54-55-60 Flowershop, The.... 63 Foley Mfg. Co 86 Forber & Bird 64 Ford, M. C 67 Ford, Wm. P 67 Ford & Kendlg Co.. 83 Fox & Son 60 Franklin Park Flo.. 68 Fraser Nur. Co.... 54 Frauenfelder, C. ... 57 Freeman, Mrs. J. B. 58 Prey & Prey 64 Prey, C. H 64-80 Friedman, O. J 56 Froment, H. B 66 Frost, Chas 75 Furrow & Co 60 O. Galvin, Inc., Thos.. 53 Gammage & Sons... 65 Gardiner Flo. Co 64 Gary Floral Co 69 Gasser Co 68 Geltz. P. Q 68 Geny Bros 64 George, Inc 61 Giblin & Co S3 Gimbels 60 Gleave's Plr. Shop.. 62 Glenn, J. W 69 Gloeckner, Wm. ... 62 Gloekler Co 34 Gnatt Co., Ove 1 Goetz Sons 62 Goldstein & Futter- man 67 Gove. Mrs. C. O... 65 Graham & Son 68 Grakelow, C. H... 59 Grand Rapids PI. Co. 62 Grandy 61 Green, Edw 60 GriflJth, James P... 83 Grohe, Fred 46 Grohman 62 Grossberg-Tyler-Fln- nerman 48 Grulicb & Sons.... 52 Gude Bros. Co 61 Gullett & Sons 78 Gunterberg, M. C.26-28 Ourney Grahse. Co.. 62 Guthrie-Iiorenz Co.. 64 H. Habermebl's Sons... 69 Hagenburger, Carl.. 79 Halbrooks. P. M.... 68 Hall & Robinson.... 66 Hammond Co 61 Harkett's Flo. Nur. 64 Hart, Geo. B 66 Hart, Inc., H 63 Hasselmann, Wm... 64 Hastings, Frank R.. 69 Haven Seed Go.... 69 Hayden-Watson ... 63 Hayes, James 64 Hayman Gmhse. Co. 61 Heacock Co., Jos... 81 Hecock Floral Co... 68 Heelas Flower Store 62 Heinl & Son. J. G.. 58 Heinl & Sons, J.... 57 Heiser's 69 Heller & Co 69 Hembrelker & Cole. 66 Hencle, Miles S 62 Henderson, Lewis... 64 Henderson & Co.... I Henry Co 7-47 Herrick. A. D 52 IJerron, D. R 63 Hess & Swoboda.... 64 Hews & Co 84 Highland Park Gmhses 6t Hill Co., E. Q I Hill Co., J. H 79 HTll Floral Co 68 Hill Nursery Co 76 Hinde & Dauch 88 Hitchings & Co 86 Hoerber Bros 48 Hogewoning & Sons 71 Hollywood Gardens. 63 Holm & Olson 64 Holton & Hunkel... 65 Honaker the Florist. 64 Howard Rose Co.... 43 Howard & Smith... 63 Hubbard, O. B 64 Huddart Floral Co.. 60 Humboldt Evergreen 48 Hurff. B. F 69 Hurst & Son 71 I. Ickes-Braun 84 Idle Hour Floral Co. 64 Idlewlld Gr'nhouses. 64 Illinois Malleable... 83 Imperial Gardens... 48 Ingalls 67 Ionia Pottery Co... 84 Irwin, Roman J I J. Jackson & Perkins.. 77 Jacobs & Sons 85 Jahn. H. H 63 Janssen Floral Co.. 56 Johnson, Chas. A... 47 Johnson, J. L 57 Johnston, Mary .... 64 Johnston Bros 55 Johnston A Co 65 Jollet Floral Co 67 Jones, Percy 48 Joseph, B. M 63 Joy Floral Co 64 X. Kastlng Co I Keller Co., John A.. 64 Keller Sons, J. B... 62 Keller Pottery Co.. 84 Kellogg Floral Oo... 67 Kelway & Son 71 Kemble, I. 0 64 Kennedy & Sons.... 62 Kennicott Bros.... 24 Kent Bros 68 Kerr, R. 0 60 Kervan Co 67 Kessler, Wm 67 Kimberlin Seed Co.. 69 King Florist. The... 66 Knoble Bros 68 Knoll Floral Co.... 61 Kooyman Oo 44 KottmlUer, A 68 Kramer & Son 64 Kroeschell Bros. ... 82 Kruchten, John .... 48 Kuehn, C. A 28 Kuhl, Geo. A 67-81 Kuslk & Co 66 Kyle & Foerster 27 L. La Crosse Floral Co. 60 Lager & Hurrell.... 78 L. A. Floral Co 42 Lakevlew Rose Gar- dens 52 Landreth Seed Co... 69 Lang Floral Co 60 Lange, H. F. A 55 Larmon, L. L 64 La Salle Co. Nurs.. 76 Laver, J. V 59 Lecakes 67 Lee. P. & S 39 Leighton Floral Co. 54 Leistner, Oscar 47 Lemon & Co 59 Lemon Oil Co 86 Leonard Seed Oo.... 68 Liggit, C. TJ 77 LiUey, C. Baden 46 Lindley Florist Box. 34 Logan Pottery Co... 85 Lbndon Flo. Shop... 69 Lord's Flower Room 64 Jjos Robles Nursery. 46 Louise Flower Shop. 61 Lovett, J. T 76 Lowe's Flo. Shop... 62 Lubllner, Wm 60 Ludwlg Flo. Co 69 Ludwig, B. C, Co.; 69 H. McCarron, Miss 61 McCoy, L. W 62 McCray Refrigerator 47 McFarlands 68 McGee, Walter S... 87 McHutchlson & Co.. 75 McKellar, 0. W 67 McKenna, Ltd 55 McLellan Co 42 Malandre Bros. ... 53 Mangel, John 56 Massmann 52 Matthews, W. G 58 MatthewBon, J. B... 60 Meconl, Paul 66 Meehan, Chas. B... 32 Meier-Schroeder Co. 60 Meldrum, W. J 63 Metairie Ridge Nur. 60 Metropolitan Mate- rial Co 96 Metz & Bateman.. 58 Meyer, Adolph 63 Miami Floral Co..61-79 Mlchell Co.. H. F... 70 Michigan Out Fir... 38 Miller. A. L 79 Mlllep Floral Co 60 Miller the Florist... 64 Mills 61 Minge Floral Co.... 64 Mirring, A 66 Missouri Pottery Co. 84 Missouri Pottery & Supply Oo 84 Mitchell & Quentln 66 Moninger Co IV Morehead Mfg. Co.. 83 Morse & Seals 65 MosmUler, Frank... 61 Mountain View Flo. 46 Munk Floral Co 58 Munson, H 83 Murata & Co 43 Murphy Co 65 Murray, Peter 65 Murray, Samuel.... 66 Murray & Co 66 National Florists' Board of Trade... 67 Neidlnger, J. O.... 65 Neubeck, L. H 62 Newell, A 67 New York Florists' Supply Co 67 Nicotine Mfg. Co... 86 Nielsen. Knud ...38-39 Niessen Co., Leo.... 30 Noll & Co.. T. J 82 Nordwall, B. B.... 64 Norton, W. F 63 O. Obertln, P. N 60 Okmulgee Window Glass Co 86 Olsen, Chr 71 Olsson Co., H. L.... 46 Ostertag Bros 66 OwosBO Floral Co... 62 P. Paelfle Nurseries .. 44 Paducah Pottery ... 84 Palmer & Son 62 Park Floral Co..62-62 Parker's 64 Peacock Co., B. R.. 68 Pedrlck & Son 69 Pelrce. B. A 84 Pelicano-Rossi 63 Penn 66 Pennock Oo 81 Peters, W. B 66 Peters & Reed 84 Peterson Nursery... 77 Pfaff & Kendall 88 Phila. Cut Flower.. 80 Philadelphia Second Hand Pipe Supply 83 Phila. Wholesale Florists' Ex 81 Philips Bros 62 Pierce Co., P. O... 87 Plerson, A. N 81 Pierson Co., P. K... 81 Pikes Peak Flo. Oo. 62 Pillsbury, L L. ..67-87 Pittsburgh Cut Fir. 87 Pittsburgh Glass ... 87 Plath, H 44 Podesta & Baldocchi 63 Poehlmann Bros. .. II Poll worth Co 1-65 Polykranas, G. J... 66 Presnell, B. M 89 Pulverized Manure.. 85 Pumell. W. Z 89 Putnam. B. J 34 Pyfer & Co.. A. T.. 26 Q. Quality Brands Oo.4-5 Queen City Gmhse.. 64 K. Raedleln Basket Oo. 47 Ramm's Flo. Shop.. 63 Ramsburg, G. S...76-86 Randall's Flo. Shop. 66 Randall Co 27-34 Randolph & Mc- Clements 69 Rawson 62 Redondo Floral Oo.. 63 Reed & Keller 67 Regan Ptg. House.. 66 Reld, Edw 31 Reimers Art Shop.. 68 Relmers & Son Co.. 64 Reinberg, Geo 48 Reinberg, P 6 Rennison Co 64 Rentschler Floral Co. 60 Reynolda-Roblnson.. 62 Ribsam, Martin 0.. 62 Rice Bros 66 Rice, M., Oo 8 Rldenour, F. B 69 Rledel & Meyer 67 Rlngier, Arnold .... 69 Robinson Seed Co... 69 Rochelle & Sons.... 84 Rock Flower Co.... 67 Rockford Floral Co. 67 Rodgers, J. W 68 Rodgers Floral Co.. 61 Roehrs Co 81 Rohnert, W^do .... 69 Roos, Jelle 76 Rosendale Fir. Shop 62 Rosery, The 62 Royal Art Flo. Co.. 61 Ruch, D. B 60 Rugby Greenhouses. 62 Rumbley Oo 87 Rusch & Co 65 Rusconl, D 78 Russin & Hanflins.. 67 Rye, George 64 8. Saler, H. B 02 Samuelson, 0. A.... 67 Sander's Garden.... 66 Sands the Florist... 64 Sceery, Edward ... 62 Schiller's 66 Schillo, Adam 86 Schlatter Sc Son.... 96 Schllng, Max 49 Schloss Bros 67 Schramm Bros. ... 68 Schulthels 69 Schnlts ft Oo 83 Schuiz Co.. Jacob... 64 Schwake Sc Oo 69 Scott, Wm., Oo 62 Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
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Parc Jean Drapeau

Musee Pour Enfants, Laval, Quebec
Parc Jean Drapeau Le parc Jean-Drapeau (anciennement Parc des Îles) est situé à Montréal, au Québec en plein centre du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Il est composé de deux îles, l'île Sainte-Hélène et l'île Notre-Dame. L'Histoire moderne du Parc Jean-Drapeau débute par la découverte de l'île Sainte-Hélène par Samuel de Champlain en 1611, qui la nomme ainsi en l'honneur de sa femme, Hélène de Champlain, née Bouillé. Elle porte aussi le nom d'Hélène, la mère de l'empereur romain Constantin Ier. L'île appartint à la famille Le Moyne de Longueuil de 1665 jusqu'en 1818, quand elle fut vendue au gouvernement britannique. Celui-ci y fit construire un fort, une poudrière et une casemate après la guerre de 1812. Le nouveau gouvernement canadien en fit l'acquisition en 1870; elle fut convertie en parc en 1874. Les îles de l'archipel furent choisies comme le site de Terre des Hommes (Expo 67). Pour la préparer à sa vocation, l'île Sainte-Hélène fut massivement agrandie et consolidée avec plusieurs îles avoisinantes (dont l'île Ronde), à l'aide du remblai excavé lors de la construction du métro de Montréal; île Notre-Dame est réalisée complètement de main d’homme à partir du début des années 1960. 28 millions de tonnes de remblais sont ainsi nécessaires pour cette entreprise colossale. Montréal est alors prête pour accueillir l'Expo 67. Plus de 60 pays répondent à l'appel en imaginant des pavillons aussi impressionnants les uns que les autres. Une nouvelle Terre des Hommes est née et en 1967, les îles Notre-Dame et Sainte-Hélène furent les hôtesses de l'exposition universelle de Montréal. Après la clôture d'Expo, le site continua sa vocation de foire sous le nom Terre des Hommes; enfin, la plupart des installations d'Expo furent démantelées et l'île fut réaménagée en parc. En 1999, le Parc des Îles de Montréal est rebaptisé Parc Jean-Drapeau en hommage à l'ancien Maire de Montréal, Jean Drapeau, qui fut à l'origine de l'Expo 67. L'île Notre-Dame a accueilli chaque année, depuis 1978, le Grand Prix de Montréal sur le circuit Gilles-Villeneuve. Elle abrite la plage du parc Jean-Drapeau, le Bassin olympique, le Casino de Montréal (pavillon de la France et du Québec lors de l'Expo 67), les jardins des Floralies (Floralies Internationales de 1980) et le pavillon du Canada. L'île Sainte-Hélène comprend le Complexe aquatique de l'île Sainte-Hélène (piscines extérieures), La Ronde, La Biosphère(Pavillon des États-Unis lors de l'expo 67), le Musée Stewart. Celle-ci est aussi le site de spectacles extérieurs et de festivals, dont la fête des Neiges de Montréal, La Fête des enfants de Montréal et le festival metal Heavy MTL. De nombreux sentiers pédestres et cyclables, sculptures d'extérieures, cours d'eau et petites chutes agrémentent les deux îles.
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Parc Jean Drapeau

Musee Pour Enfants, Laval, Quebec
Parc Jean Drapeau Le parc Jean-Drapeau (anciennement Parc des Îles) est situé à Montréal, au Québec en plein centre du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Il est composé de deux îles, l'île Sainte-Hélène et l'île Notre-Dame. L'Histoire moderne du Parc Jean-Drapeau débute par la découverte de l'île Sainte-Hélène par Samuel de Champlain en 1611, qui la nomme ainsi en l'honneur de sa femme, Hélène de Champlain, née Bouillé. Elle porte aussi le nom d'Hélène, la mère de l'empereur romain Constantin Ier. L'île appartint à la famille Le Moyne de Longueuil de 1665 jusqu'en 1818, quand elle fut vendue au gouvernement britannique. Celui-ci y fit construire un fort, une poudrière et une casemate après la guerre de 1812. Le nouveau gouvernement canadien en fit l'acquisition en 1870; elle fut convertie en parc en 1874. Les îles de l'archipel furent choisies comme le site de Terre des Hommes (Expo 67). Pour la préparer à sa vocation, l'île Sainte-Hélène fut massivement agrandie et consolidée avec plusieurs îles avoisinantes (dont l'île Ronde), à l'aide du remblai excavé lors de la construction du métro de Montréal; île Notre-Dame est réalisée complètement de main d’homme à partir du début des années 1960. 28 millions de tonnes de remblais sont ainsi nécessaires pour cette entreprise colossale. Montréal est alors prête pour accueillir l'Expo 67. Plus de 60 pays répondent à l'appel en imaginant des pavillons aussi impressionnants les uns que les autres. Une nouvelle Terre des Hommes est née et en 1967, les îles Notre-Dame et Sainte-Hélène furent les hôtesses de l'exposition universelle de Montréal. Après la clôture d'Expo, le site continua sa vocation de foire sous le nom Terre des Hommes; enfin, la plupart des installations d'Expo furent démantelées et l'île fut réaménagée en parc. En 1999, le Parc des Îles de Montréal est rebaptisé Parc Jean-Drapeau en hommage à l'ancien Maire de Montréal, Jean Drapeau, qui fut à l'origine de l'Expo 67. L'île Notre-Dame a accueilli chaque année, depuis 1978, le Grand Prix de Montréal sur le circuit Gilles-Villeneuve. Elle abrite la plage du parc Jean-Drapeau, le Bassin olympique, le Casino de Montréal (pavillon de la France et du Québec lors de l'Expo 67), les jardins des Floralies (Floralies Internationales de 1980) et le pavillon du Canada. L'île Sainte-Hélène comprend le Complexe aquatique de l'île Sainte-Hélène (piscines extérieures), La Ronde, La Biosphère(Pavillon des États-Unis lors de l'expo 67), le Musée Stewart. Celle-ci est aussi le site de spectacles extérieurs et de festivals, dont la fête des Neiges de Montréal, La Fête des enfants de Montréal et le festival metal Heavy MTL. De nombreux sentiers pédestres et cyclables, sculptures d'extérieures, cours d'eau et petites chutes agrémentent les deux îles.
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Banksy in Boston: View of F̶O̶L̶L̶O̶W̶ ̶Y̶O̶U̶R̶ ̶D̶R̶E̶A̶M̶S̶ CANCELLED on Essex St, Chinatown, Boston, with rush hour traffic

Israeli Art Museum, Ramat Gan, Israel
Interestingly, both of the Boston area Banksy pieces are on Essex St: • F̶O̶L̶L̶O̶W̶ ̶Y̶O̶U̶R̶ ̶D̶R̶E̶A̶M̶S̶ CANCELLED (aka chimney sweep) in Chinatown, Boston • NO LOITRIN in Central Square, Cambridge. Does that mean anything? It looks like he favors Essex named streets & roads when he can. In 2008, he did another notable Essex work in London, for example, and posters on the Banksy Forums picked up & discussed on the Essex link as well. Is there an Essex Street in any of the other nearby towns? It looks like there are several: Brookline, Charlestown, Chelsea, Gloucester, Haverhill, Lawrence, Lynn, Medford, Melrose, Quincy, Revere, Salem, Saugus, Somerville, Swampscott, and Waltham. Most of these seem improbable to me, other than maybe Brookline, or maybe Somerville or Charlestown. But they start getting pretty suburban after that. But, again, why "Essex"? In a comment on this photo, Birbeck helps clarify: I can only surmise that he's having a 'dig' at Essex UK, especially with the misspelling of 'Loitering'. Here, the general view of the urban districts in Essex: working class but with right wing views; that they're not the most intellectual bunch; rather obsessed with fashion (well, their idea of it); their place of worship is the shopping mall; enjoy rowdy nights out; girls are thought of as being dumb, fake blonde hair/tans and promiscuous; and guys are good at the 'chit chat', and swagger around showing off their dosh (money). It was also the region that once had Europe's largest Ford motor factory. In its heyday, 1 in 3 British cars were made in Dagenham, Essex. Pay was good for such unskilled labour, generations worked mind-numbing routines on assembly lines for 80 years. In 2002 the recession ended the dream. • • • • • This photo appeared on Grafitti - A arte das ruas on Yahoo Meme. Yes, Yahoo has a Tumblr/Posterous-esque "Meme" service now -- I was as surprised as you are. • • • • • Banksy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Banksy • Birth name Unknown • Born 1974 or 1975 (1974 or 1975), Bristol, UK[1] • Nationality British • Field Graffiti Street Art Bristol underground scene Sculpture • Movement Anti-Totalitarianism Anti-capitalism Pacifism Anti-War Anarchism Atheism Anti-Fascism • Works Naked Man Image One Nation Under CCTV Anarchist Rat Ozone's Angel Pulp Fiction Banksy is a pseudonymous[2][3][4] British graffiti artist. He is believed to be a native of Yate, South Gloucestershire, near Bristol[2] and to have been born in 1974,[5] but his identity is unknown.[6] According to Tristan Manco[who?], Banksy "was born in 1974 and raised in Bristol, England. The son of a photocopier technician, he trained as a butcher but became involved in graffiti during the great Bristol aerosol boom of the late 1980s."[7] His artworks are often satirical pieces of art on topics such as politics, culture, and ethics. His street art, which combines graffiti writing with a distinctive stencilling technique, is similar to Blek le Rat, who began to work with stencils in 1981 in Paris and members of the anarcho-punk band Crass who maintained a graffiti stencil campaign on the London Tube System in the late 1970s and early 1980s. His art has appeared in cities around the world.[8] Banksy's work was born out of the Bristol underground scene which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy does not sell photos of street graffiti.[9] Art auctioneers have been known to attempt to sell his street art on location and leave the problem of its removal in the hands of the winning bidder.[10] Banksy's first film, Exit Through The Gift Shop, billed as "the world's first street art disaster movie", made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.[11] The film was released in the UK on March 5.[12] Contents • 1 Career •• 1.1 2000 •• 1.2 2002 •• 1.3 2003 •• 1.4 2004 •• 1.5 2005 •• 1.6 2006 •• 1.7 2007 •• 1.8 2008 •• 1.9 2009 •• 1.10 2010 • 2 Notable art pieces • 3 Technique • 4 Identity • 5 Controversy • 6 Bibliography • 7 References • 8 External links Career Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist 1992–1994[14] as one of Bristol's DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with Kato and Tes.[15] He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene. From the start he used stencils as elements of his freehand pieces, too.[14] By 2000 he had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a piece. He claims he changed to stencilling whilst he was hiding from the police under a train carriage, when he noticed the stencilled serial number[16] and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.[16] Stencil on the waterline of The Thekla, an entertainment boat in central Bristol - (wider view). The image of Death is based on a 19th century etching illustrating the pestilence of The Great Stink.[17] Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, monkeys, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly. In late 2001, on a trip to Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, he met up with the Gen-X pastellist, visual activist, and recluse James DeWeaver in Byron Bay[clarification needed], where he stencilled a parachuting rat with a clothes peg on its nose above a toilet at the Arts Factory Lodge. This stencil can no longer be located. He also makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and sculpture (the murdered phone-box), and was responsible for the cover art of Blur's 2003 album Think Tank. 2000 The album cover for Monk & Canatella's Do Community Service was conceived and illustrated by Banksy, based on his contribution to the "Walls on fire" event in Bristol 1998.[18][citation needed] 2002 On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33 1/3 Gallery, a small Silverlake venue owned by Frank Sosa. The exhibition, entitled Existencilism, was curated by 33 1/3 Gallery, Malathion, Funk Lazy Promotions, and B+.[19] 2003 In 2003 in an exhibition called Turf War, held in a warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.[20] He later moved on to producing subverted paintings; one example is Monet's Water Lily Pond, adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a shopping trolley floating in its reflective waters; another is Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his Union Flag underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the cafe. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.[21] 2004 In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes substituting the picture of the Queen's head with Princess Diana's head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England." Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on eBay for about £200 each. A wad of the notes were also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the NME signing tent at The Reading Festival. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes were also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at Bonhams auction house in London for £24,000. 2005 In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the Palestinian territories, created nine images on Israel's highly controversial West Bank barrier. He reportedly said "The Israeli government is building a wall surrounding the occupied Palestinian territories. It stands three times the height of the Berlin Wall and will eventually run for over 700km—the distance from London to Zurich. "[22] 2006 • Banksy held an exhibition called Barely Legal, billed as a "three day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September. The exhibition featured a live "elephant in a room", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern.[23] • After Christina Aguilera bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,[24] on 19 October 2006 a set of Kate Moss paintings sold in Sotheby's London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of Andy Warhol's Marilyn Monroe pictures, sold for five times their estimated value. His stencil of a green Mona Lisa with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.[25] • In December, journalist Max Foster coined the phrase, "the Banksy Effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.[26] 2007 • On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for his Bombing Middle England. Two of his other graffiti works, Balloon Girl and Bomb Hugger, sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.[27] The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: Ballerina With Action Man Parts reached £96,000; Glory sold for £72,000; Untitled (2004) sold for £33,600; all significantly above estimated values.[28] To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."[6] • In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in Bristol decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural which comes with a house attached.[29] • In April 2007, Transport for London painted over Banksy's iconic image of a scene from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, with Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the "graffiti" created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".[30] Banksy tagged the same site again (pictured at right). This time the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Banksy made a tribute art piece over this second Pulp Fiction piece. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone, who was hit by an underground train in Barking, East London, along with fellow artist Wants, on 12 January 2007.[31] The piece was of an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest, holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website, saying: The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving hand guns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote 'If it's better next time I'll leave it' in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone - rest in peace.[citation needed] Ozone's Angel • On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work Space Girl & Bird fetching £288,000 (US$576,000), around 20 times the estimate at Bonhams of London.[32] • On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's Greatest living Briton. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award, and continued with his notoriously anonymous status. • On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's The Drinker had been stolen.[33][34] • In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.[35] • Banksy has published a "manifesto" on his website.[36] The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of one Lieutenant Colonel Mervin Willett Gonin, DSO, which is exhibited in the Imperial War Museum. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been substituted with Graffiti Heroes #03 that describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free George Davis of his imprisonment.[37] By 12 August 2009 he was relying on Emo Phillips' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn’t work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness." • A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie Children of Men, including a stenciled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop. • In the 2007 film Shoot 'Em Up starring Clive Owen, Banksy's tag can be seen on a dumpster in the film's credits. • Banksy, who deals mostly with Lazarides Gallery in London, claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of his paintings and prints.[38] 2008 • In March, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on Thames Water tower in the middle of the Holland Park roundabout, and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this Society" in bright orange. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.[39] • Over the weekend 3–5 May in London, Banksy hosted an exhibition called The Cans Festival. It was situated on Leake Street, a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath London Waterloo station. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it didn't cover anyone else's.[40] Artists included Blek le Rat, Broken Crow, C215, Cartrain, Dolk, Dotmasters, J.Glover, Eine, Eelus, Hero, Pure evil, Jef Aérosol, Mr Brainwash, Tom Civil and Roadsworth.[citation needed] • In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and the associated levee failure disaster, Banksy produced a series of works in New Orleans, Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.[41] • A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the Ensley neighbourhood of Birmingham, Alabama on 29 August as Hurricane Gustav approached the New Orleans area. The painting depicting a hooded member of the Ku Klux Klan hanging from a noose was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.[42] • His first official exhibition in New York, the "Village Pet Store And Charcoal Grill," opened 5 October 2008. The animatronic pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby Chicken McNuggets as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.[43] • The Westminster City Council stated in October 2008 that the work "One Nation Under CCTV", painted in April 2008 will be painted over as it is graffiti. The council says it will remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told The Times newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art". [44] The work was painted over in April 2009. • In December 2008, The Little Diver, a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne Australia was vandalised. The image was protected by a sheet of clear perspex, however silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely destroyed.[45]. 2009 • May 2009, parts company with agent Steve Lazarides. Announces Pest Control [46] the handling service who act on his behalf will be the only point of sale for new works. • On 13 June 2009, the Banksy UK Summer show opened at Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.[47][48] Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.[49] Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition has been visited over 300,000 times.[50] • In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 Blur single "Crazy Beat" and the property owner, who had allowed the piece to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.[51] • In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference by painting four murals on global warming. One included "I don't believe in global warming" which was submerged in water.[52] 2010 • The world premiere of the film Exit Through the Gift Shop occurred at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, on 24 January. He created 10 street pieces around Park City and Salt Lake City to tie in with the screening.[53] • In February, The Whitehouse public house in Liverpool, England, is sold for £114,000 at auction.[54] The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.[55] • In April 2010, Melbourne City Council in Australia reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over the last remaining Banksy art in the city. The image was of a rat descending in a parachute adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre. In 2008 Vandals had poured paint over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trenchcoat. A council spokeswoman has said they would now rush through retrospective permits to protect other “famous or significant artworks” in the city.[56] • In April 2010 to coincide with the premier of Exit through the Gift Shop in San Francisco, 5 of his pieces appeared in various parts of the city.[57] Banksy reportedly paid a Chinatown building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.[58] • In May 2010 to coincide with the release of "Exit Through the Gift Shop" in Chicago, one piece appeared in the city. Notable art pieces In addition to his artwork, Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high profile art pieces, including the following: • At London Zoo, he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in seven foot high letters.[59] • At Bristol Zoo, he left the message 'I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring.' in the elephant enclosure.[60] • In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York.[61] • He put up a subverted painting in London's Tate Britain gallery. • In May 2005 Banksy's version of a primitive cave painting depicting a human figure hunting wildlife whilst pushing a shopping trolley was hung in gallery 49 of the British Museum, London. Upon discovery, they added it to their permanent collection.[62] Near Bethlehem - 2005 • Banksy has sprayed "This is not a photo opportunity" on certain photograph spots. • In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the Israeli West Bank barrier, including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.[22][63][64][65] See also: Other Banksy works on the Israeli West Bank barrier • In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a street in Soho, London. It was later removed by Westminster Council. BT released a press release, which said: "This is a stunning visual comment on BT's transformation from an old-fashioned telecommunications company into a modern communications services provider."[66] • In June 2006, Banksy created an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central Bristol. The image sparked some controversy, with the Bristol City Council leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.[67] After an internet discussion in which 97% (all but 6 people) supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.[67] The mural was later defaced with paint.[67] • In August/September 2006, Banksy replaced up to 500 copies of Paris Hilton's debut CD, Paris, in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by Danger Mouse. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as eBay. The cover art depicted Paris Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with a dog's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up".[68][69][70] • In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoner (orange jumpsuit, black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California.[71][72] Technique Asked about his technique, Banksy said: “I use whatever it takes. Sometimes that just means drawing a moustache on a girl's face on some billboard, sometimes that means sweating for days over an intricate drawing. Efficiency is the key.[73]” Stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in his stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photocopy nature of much of his work. He mentions in his book, Wall and Piece, that as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always too slow and was either caught or could never finish the art in the one sitting. So he devised a series of intricate stencils to minimise time and overlapping of the colour. Identity Banksy's real name has been widely reported to be Robert or Robin Banks.[74][75][76] His year of birth has been given as 1974.[62] Simon Hattenstone from Guardian Unlimited is one of the very few people to have interviewed him face-to-face. Hattenstone describes him as "a cross of Jimmy Nail and British rapper Mike Skinner" and "a 28 year old male who showed up wearing jeans and a t-shirt with a silver tooth, silver chain, and one silver earring".[77] In the same interview, Banksy revealed that his parents think their son is a painter and decorator.[77] In May 2007, an extensive article written by Lauren Collins of the New Yorker re-opened the Banksy-identity controversy citing a 2004 photograph of the artist that was taken in Jamaica during the Two-Culture Clash project and later published in the Evening Standard in 2004.[6] In October 2007, a story on the BBC website featured a photo allegedly taken by a passer-by in Bethnal Green, London, purporting to show Banksy at work with an assistant, scaffolding and a truck. The story confirms that Tower Hamlets Council in London has decided to treat all Banksy works as vandalism and remove them.[78] In July 2008, it was claimed by The Mail on Sunday that Banksy's real name is Robin Gunningham.[3][79] His agent has refused to confirm or deny these reports. In May 2009, the Mail on Sunday once again speculated about Gunningham being Banksy after a "self-portrait" of a rat holding a sign with the word "Gunningham" shot on it was photographed in East London.[80] This "new Banksy rat" story was also picked up by The Times[81] and the Evening Standard. Banksy, himself, states on his website: “I am unable to comment on who may or may not be Banksy, but anyone described as being 'good at drawing' doesn't sound like Banksy to me.[82]” Controversy In 2004, Banksy walked into the Louvre in Paris and hung on a wall a picture he had painted resembling the Mona Lisa but with a yellow smiley face. Though the painting was hurriedly removed by the museum staff, it and its counterpart, temporarily on unknown display at the Tate Britain, were described by Banksy as "shortcuts". He is quoted as saying: “To actually [have to] go through the process of having a painting selected must be quite boring. It's a lot more fun to go and put your own one up.[83]” Peter Gibson, a spokesperson for Keep Britain Tidy, asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism,[84] and Diane Shakespeare, an official for the same organization, was quoted as saying: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism".[6] In June 2007 Banksy created a circle of plastic portable toilets, said to resemble Stonehenge at the Glastonbury Festival. As this was in the same field as the "sacred circle" it was felt by many to be inappropriate and his installation was itself vandalized before the festival even opened. However, the intention had always been for people to climb on and interact with it.[citation needed] The installation was nicknamed "Portaloo Sunset" and "Bog Henge" by Festival goers. Michael Eavis admitted he wasn't fond of it, and the portaloos were removed before the 2008 festival. In 2010, an artistic feud developed between Banksy and his rival King Robbo after Banksy painted over a 24-year old Robbo piece on the banks of London's Regent Canal. In retaliation several Banksy pieces in London have been painted over by 'Team Robbo'.[85][86] Also in 2010, government workers accidentally painted over a Banksy art piece, a famed "parachuting-rat" stencil, in Australia's Melbourne CBD. [87] Bibliography Banksy has self-published several books that contain photographs of his work in various countries as well as some of his canvas work and exhibitions, accompanied by his own writings: • Banksy, Banging Your Head Against A Brick Wall (2001) ISBN 978-0-95417040-0 • Banksy, Existencilism (2002) ISBN 978-0-95417041-7 • Banksy, Cut it Out (2004) ISBN 978-0-95449600-5 • Banksy, Wall and Piece (2005) ISBN 978-1-84413786-2 • Banksy, Pictures of Walls (2005) ISBN 978-0-95519460-3 Random House published Wall and Piece in 2005. It contains a combination of images from his three previous books, as well as some new material.[16] Two books authored by others on his work were published in 2006 & 2007: • Martin Bull, Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London (2006 - with new editions in 2007 and 2008) ISBN 978-0-95547120-9. • Steve Wright, Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home (2007) ISBN 978-1906477004 External links • Official website • Banksy street work photos
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Banksy in Boston: Detail of the NO LOITRIN piece on Essex St in Central Square, Cambridge

Israeli Art Museum, Ramat Gan, Israel
Interestingly, both of the Boston area Banksy pieces are on Essex St: • F̶O̶L̶L̶O̶W̶ ̶Y̶O̶U̶R̶ ̶D̶R̶E̶A̶M̶S̶ CANCELLED (aka chimney sweep) in Chinatown, Boston • NO LOITRIN in Central Square, Cambridge. Does that mean anything? It looks like he favors Essex named streets & roads when he can. In 2008, he did another notable Essex work in London, for example, and posters on the Banksy Forums picked up & discussed on the Essex link as well. Is there an Essex Street in any of the other nearby towns? It looks like there are several: Brookline, Charlestown, Chelsea, Gloucester, Haverhill, Lawrence, Lynn, Medford, Melrose, Quincy, Revere, Salem, Saugus, Somerville, Swampscott, and Waltham. Most of these seem improbable to me, other than maybe Brookline, or maybe Somerville or Charlestown. But they start getting pretty suburban after that. But, again, why "Essex"? In a comment on this photo, Birbeck helps clarify: I can only surmise that he's having a 'dig' at Essex UK, especially with the misspelling of 'Loitering'. Here, the general view of the urban districts in Essex: working class but with right wing views; that they're not the most intellectual bunch; rather obsessed with fashion (well, their idea of it); their place of worship is the shopping mall; enjoy rowdy nights out; girls are thought of as being dumb, fake blonde hair/tans and promiscuous; and guys are good at the 'chit chat', and swagger around showing off their dosh (money). It was also the region that once had Europe's largest Ford motor factory. In its heyday, 1 in 3 British cars were made in Dagenham, Essex. Pay was good for such unskilled labour, generations worked mind-numbing routines on assembly lines for 80 years. In 2002 the recession ended the dream. • • • • • Banksy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Banksy • Birth name Unknown • Born 1974 or 1975 (1974 or 1975), Bristol, UK[1] • Nationality British • Field Graffiti Street Art Bristol underground scene Sculpture • Movement Anti-Totalitarianism Anti-capitalism Pacifism Anti-War Anarchism Atheism Anti-Fascism • Works Naked Man Image One Nation Under CCTV Anarchist Rat Ozone's Angel Pulp Fiction Banksy is a pseudonymous[2][3][4] British graffiti artist. He is believed to be a native of Yate, South Gloucestershire, near Bristol[2] and to have been born in 1974,[5] but his identity is unknown.[6] According to Tristan Manco[who?], Banksy "was born in 1974 and raised in Bristol, England. The son of a photocopier technician, he trained as a butcher but became involved in graffiti during the great Bristol aerosol boom of the late 1980s."[7] His artworks are often satirical pieces of art on topics such as politics, culture, and ethics. His street art, which combines graffiti writing with a distinctive stencilling technique, is similar to Blek le Rat, who began to work with stencils in 1981 in Paris and members of the anarcho-punk band Crass who maintained a graffiti stencil campaign on the London Tube System in the late 1970s and early 1980s. His art has appeared in cities around the world.[8] Banksy's work was born out of the Bristol underground scene which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy does not sell photos of street graffiti.[9] Art auctioneers have been known to attempt to sell his street art on location and leave the problem of its removal in the hands of the winning bidder.[10] Banksy's first film, Exit Through The Gift Shop, billed as "the world's first street art disaster movie", made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.[11] The film was released in the UK on March 5.[12] Contents • 1 Career •• 1.1 2000 •• 1.2 2002 •• 1.3 2003 •• 1.4 2004 •• 1.5 2005 •• 1.6 2006 •• 1.7 2007 •• 1.8 2008 •• 1.9 2009 •• 1.10 2010 • 2 Notable art pieces • 3 Technique • 4 Identity • 5 Controversy • 6 Bibliography • 7 References • 8 External links Career Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist 1992–1994[14] as one of Bristol's DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with Kato and Tes.[15] He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene. From the start he used stencils as elements of his freehand pieces, too.[14] By 2000 he had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a piece. He claims he changed to stencilling whilst he was hiding from the police under a train carriage, when he noticed the stencilled serial number[16] and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.[16] Stencil on the waterline of The Thekla, an entertainment boat in central Bristol - (wider view). The image of Death is based on a 19th century etching illustrating the pestilence of The Great Stink.[17] Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, monkeys, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly. In late 2001, on a trip to Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, he met up with the Gen-X pastellist, visual activist, and recluse James DeWeaver in Byron Bay[clarification needed], where he stencilled a parachuting rat with a clothes peg on its nose above a toilet at the Arts Factory Lodge. This stencil can no longer be located. He also makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and sculpture (the murdered phone-box), and was responsible for the cover art of Blur's 2003 album Think Tank. 2000 The album cover for Monk & Canatella's Do Community Service was conceived and illustrated by Banksy, based on his contribution to the "Walls on fire" event in Bristol 1998.[18][citation needed] 2002 On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33 1/3 Gallery, a small Silverlake venue owned by Frank Sosa. The exhibition, entitled Existencilism, was curated by 33 1/3 Gallery, Malathion, Funk Lazy Promotions, and B+.[19] 2003 In 2003 in an exhibition called Turf War, held in a warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.[20] He later moved on to producing subverted paintings; one example is Monet's Water Lily Pond, adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a shopping trolley floating in its reflective waters; another is Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his Union Flag underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the cafe. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.[21] 2004 In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes substituting the picture of the Queen's head with Princess Diana's head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England." Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on eBay for about £200 each. A wad of the notes were also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the NME signing tent at The Reading Festival. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes were also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at Bonhams auction house in London for £24,000. 2005 In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the Palestinian territories, created nine images on Israel's highly controversial West Bank barrier. He reportedly said "The Israeli government is building a wall surrounding the occupied Palestinian territories. It stands three times the height of the Berlin Wall and will eventually run for over 700km—the distance from London to Zurich. "[22] 2006 • Banksy held an exhibition called Barely Legal, billed as a "three day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September. The exhibition featured a live "elephant in a room", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern.[23] • After Christina Aguilera bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,[24] on 19 October 2006 a set of Kate Moss paintings sold in Sotheby's London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of Andy Warhol's Marilyn Monroe pictures, sold for five times their estimated value. His stencil of a green Mona Lisa with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.[25] • In December, journalist Max Foster coined the phrase, "the Banksy Effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.[26] 2007 • On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for his Bombing Middle England. Two of his other graffiti works, Balloon Girl and Bomb Hugger, sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.[27] The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: Ballerina With Action Man Parts reached £96,000; Glory sold for £72,000; Untitled (2004) sold for £33,600; all significantly above estimated values.[28] To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."[6] • In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in Bristol decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural which comes with a house attached.[29] • In April 2007, Transport for London painted over Banksy's iconic image of a scene from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, with Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the "graffiti" created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".[30] Banksy tagged the same site again (pictured at right). This time the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Banksy made a tribute art piece over this second Pulp Fiction piece. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone, who was hit by an underground train in Barking, East London, along with fellow artist Wants, on 12 January 2007.[31] The piece was of an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest, holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website, saying: The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving hand guns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote 'If it's better next time I'll leave it' in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone - rest in peace.[citation needed] Ozone's Angel • On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work Space Girl & Bird fetching £288,000 (US$576,000), around 20 times the estimate at Bonhams of London.[32] • On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's Greatest living Briton. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award, and continued with his notoriously anonymous status. • On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's The Drinker had been stolen.[33][34] • In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.[35] • Banksy has published a "manifesto" on his website.[36] The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of one Lieutenant Colonel Mervin Willett Gonin, DSO, which is exhibited in the Imperial War Museum. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been substituted with Graffiti Heroes #03 that describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free George Davis of his imprisonment.[37] By 12 August 2009 he was relying on Emo Phillips' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn’t work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness." • A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie Children of Men, including a stenciled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop. • In the 2007 film Shoot 'Em Up starring Clive Owen, Banksy's tag can be seen on a dumpster in the film's credits. • Banksy, who deals mostly with Lazarides Gallery in London, claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of his paintings and prints.[38] 2008 • In March, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on Thames Water tower in the middle of the Holland Park roundabout, and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this Society" in bright orange. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.[39] • Over the weekend 3–5 May in London, Banksy hosted an exhibition called The Cans Festival. It was situated on Leake Street, a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath London Waterloo station. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it didn't cover anyone else's.[40] Artists included Blek le Rat, Broken Crow, C215, Cartrain, Dolk, Dotmasters, J.Glover, Eine, Eelus, Hero, Pure evil, Jef Aérosol, Mr Brainwash, Tom Civil and Roadsworth.[citation needed] • In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and the associated levee failure disaster, Banksy produced a series of works in New Orleans, Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.[41] • A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the Ensley neighbourhood of Birmingham, Alabama on 29 August as Hurricane Gustav approached the New Orleans area. The painting depicting a hooded member of the Ku Klux Klan hanging from a noose was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.[42] • His first official exhibition in New York, the "Village Pet Store And Charcoal Grill," opened 5 October 2008. The animatronic pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby Chicken McNuggets as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.[43] • The Westminster City Council stated in October 2008 that the work "One Nation Under CCTV", painted in April 2008 will be painted over as it is graffiti. The council says it will remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told The Times newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art". [44] The work was painted over in April 2009. • In December 2008, The Little Diver, a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne Australia was vandalised. The image was protected by a sheet of clear perspex, however silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely destroyed.[45]. 2009 • May 2009, parts company with agent Steve Lazarides. Announces Pest Control [46] the handling service who act on his behalf will be the only point of sale for new works. • On 13 June 2009, the Banksy UK Summer show opened at Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.[47][48] Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.[49] Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition has been visited over 300,000 times.[50] • In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 Blur single "Crazy Beat" and the property owner, who had allowed the piece to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.[51] • In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference by painting four murals on global warming. One included "I don't believe in global warming" which was submerged in water.[52] 2010 • The world premiere of the film Exit Through the Gift Shop occurred at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, on 24 January. He created 10 street pieces around Park City and Salt Lake City to tie in with the screening.[53] • In February, The Whitehouse public house in Liverpool, England, is sold for £114,000 at auction.[54] The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.[55] • In April 2010, Melbourne City Council in Australia reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over the last remaining Banksy art in the city. The image was of a rat descending in a parachute adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre. In 2008 Vandals had poured paint over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trenchcoat. A council spokeswoman has said they would now rush through retrospective permits to protect other “famous or significant artworks” in the city.[56] • In April 2010 to coincide with the premier of Exit through the Gift Shop in San Francisco, 5 of his pieces appeared in various parts of the city.[57] Banksy reportedly paid a Chinatown building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.[58] • In May 2010 to coincide with the release of "Exit Through the Gift Shop" in Chicago, one piece appeared in the city. Notable art pieces In addition to his artwork, Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high profile art pieces, including the following: • At London Zoo, he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in seven foot high letters.[59] • At Bristol Zoo, he left the message 'I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring.' in the elephant enclosure.[60] • In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York.[61] • He put up a subverted painting in London's Tate Britain gallery. • In May 2005 Banksy's version of a primitive cave painting depicting a human figure hunting wildlife whilst pushing a shopping trolley was hung in gallery 49 of the British Museum, London. Upon discovery, they added it to their permanent collection.[62] Near Bethlehem - 2005 • Banksy has sprayed "This is not a photo opportunity" on certain photograph spots. • In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the Israeli West Bank barrier, including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.[22][63][64][65] See also: Other Banksy works on the Israeli West Bank barrier • In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a street in Soho, London. It was later removed by Westminster Council. BT released a press release, which said: "This is a stunning visual comment on BT's transformation from an old-fashioned telecommunications company into a modern communications services provider."[66] • In June 2006, Banksy created an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central Bristol. The image sparked some controversy, with the Bristol City Council leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.[67] After an internet discussion in which 97% (all but 6 people) supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.[67] The mural was later defaced with paint.[67] • In August/September 2006, Banksy replaced up to 500 copies of Paris Hilton's debut CD, Paris, in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by Danger Mouse. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as eBay. The cover art depicted Paris Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with a dog's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up".[68][69][70] • In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoner (orange jumpsuit, black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California.[71][72] Technique Asked about his technique, Banksy said: “I use whatever it takes. Sometimes that just means drawing a moustache on a girl's face on some billboard, sometimes that means sweating for days over an intricate drawing. Efficiency is the key.[73]” Stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in his stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photocopy nature of much of his work. He mentions in his book, Wall and Piece, that as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always too slow and was either caught or could never finish the art in the one sitting. So he devised a series of intricate stencils to minimise time and overlapping of the colour. Identity Banksy's real name has been widely reported to be Robert or Robin Banks.[74][75][76] His year of birth has been given as 1974.[62] Simon Hattenstone from Guardian Unlimited is one of the very few people to have interviewed him face-to-face. Hattenstone describes him as "a cross of Jimmy Nail and British rapper Mike Skinner" and "a 28 year old male who showed up wearing jeans and a t-shirt with a silver tooth, silver chain, and one silver earring".[77] In the same interview, Banksy revealed that his parents think their son is a painter and decorator.[77] In May 2007, an extensive article written by Lauren Collins of the New Yorker re-opened the Banksy-identity controversy citing a 2004 photograph of the artist that was taken in Jamaica during the Two-Culture Clash project and later published in the Evening Standard in 2004.[6] In October 2007, a story on the BBC website featured a photo allegedly taken by a passer-by in Bethnal Green, London, purporting to show Banksy at work with an assistant, scaffolding and a truck. The story confirms that Tower Hamlets Council in London has decided to treat all Banksy works as vandalism and remove them.[78] In July 2008, it was claimed by The Mail on Sunday that Banksy's real name is Robin Gunningham.[3][79] His agent has refused to confirm or deny these reports. In May 2009, the Mail on Sunday once again speculated about Gunningham being Banksy after a "self-portrait" of a rat holding a sign with the word "Gunningham" shot on it was photographed in East London.[80] This "new Banksy rat" story was also picked up by The Times[81] and the Evening Standard. Banksy, himself, states on his website: “I am unable to comment on who may or may not be Banksy, but anyone described as being 'good at drawing' doesn't sound like Banksy to me.[82]” Controversy In 2004, Banksy walked into the Louvre in Paris and hung on a wall a picture he had painted resembling the Mona Lisa but with a yellow smiley face. Though the painting was hurriedly removed by the museum staff, it and its counterpart, temporarily on unknown display at the Tate Britain, were described by Banksy as "shortcuts". He is quoted as saying: “To actually [have to] go through the process of having a painting selected must be quite boring. It's a lot more fun to go and put your own one up.[83]” Peter Gibson, a spokesperson for Keep Britain Tidy, asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism,[84] and Diane Shakespeare, an official for the same organization, was quoted as saying: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism".[6] In June 2007 Banksy created a circle of plastic portable toilets, said to resemble Stonehenge at the Glastonbury Festival. As this was in the same field as the "sacred circle" it was felt by many to be inappropriate and his installation was itself vandalized before the festival even opened. However, the intention had always been for people to climb on and interact with it.[citation needed] The installation was nicknamed "Portaloo Sunset" and "Bog Henge" by Festival goers. Michael Eavis admitted he wasn't fond of it, and the portaloos were removed before the 2008 festival. In 2010, an artistic feud developed between Banksy and his rival King Robbo after Banksy painted over a 24-year old Robbo piece on the banks of London's Regent Canal. In retaliation several Banksy pieces in London have been painted over by 'Team Robbo'.[85][86] Also in 2010, government workers accidentally painted over a Banksy art piece, a famed "parachuting-rat" stencil, in Australia's Melbourne CBD. [87] Bibliography Banksy has self-published several books that contain photographs of his work in various countries as well as some of his canvas work and exhibitions, accompanied by his own writings: • Banksy, Banging Your Head Against A Brick Wall (2001) ISBN 978-0-95417040-0 • Banksy, Existencilism (2002) ISBN 978-0-95417041-7 • Banksy, Cut it Out (2004) ISBN 978-0-95449600-5 • Banksy, Wall and Piece (2005) ISBN 978-1-84413786-2 • Banksy, Pictures of Walls (2005) ISBN 978-0-95519460-3 Random House published Wall and Piece in 2005. It contains a combination of images from his three previous books, as well as some new material.[16] Two books authored by others on his work were published in 2006 & 2007: • Martin Bull, Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London (2006 - with new editions in 2007 and 2008) ISBN 978-0-95547120-9. • Steve Wright, Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home (2007) ISBN 978-1906477004 External links • Official website • Banksy street work photos
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1:72 IAI F-21D 'Løve' (Kfir C.2 mod), aircraft 'T-971' (s/n 76-3971) of Eskadrille 730, Flyvevåbnet (Royal Danish Air F

Israeli Art Museum, Ramat Gan, Israel
+++ DISCLAIMER +++ Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE! Some background The Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF) was formed as a military service independent from the Army and Navy in 1950 from the merger of the Hærens Flyvertropper (Danish Army Air Corps) originally founded on July 2, 1912 and the Marinens Flyvevæsen (Danish Naval Air Service). In the 1960s and 1970s the RDAF operated a number of US financed Lockheed F-104G Starfighters, North American F-100D/F Super Sabres, plus several other types, including an export version of the Saab 35 Draken in the ground attack role. The 70ies brought a major re-structuring of the RDAF: The Hawker Hunter was phased out in 1974, as well as the Republic RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft in 1971. In order to rejuvenate their air forces in the 80ies, the NATO countries Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium undertook a joint arms and introduced the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon as their common fighter-bomber in January 1980. The F-16 was later bought by further NATO countries, Greece and Turkey, and the United States of America, also a NATO member, operates the F-16, too. As the F-16 deal was closed in the late 70ies it became clear that the Danish aging F-100 fleet and the limited number of Saab Draken (locally designated F-35) would leave a serious gap in the country's defense in the mid-80ies, esp. against ground and sea intruders. Additionally, the F-104G fleet was also about to reach its service life end, so Denmark decided to fill this gap with upgrades of existing types and the introduction of an interim fighter bomber. One of the results was the WDNS (Weapon Delivery and Navigation System) update for the Danish Saab 35 Draken fleet. In the early 1980s all aircraft (a total of 51 was operated by the RDAF) received a Marconi 900 Series HUD and a Ferranti LRMTS (laser rangefinder and marked target seeker) in a characteristic nose fairing that resembled the photo recce version of the Saab 35, and an ALQ-162 jammer. In parallel, Denmark bought a batch of IAI Kfir fighter bombers from Israel in 1978. The Israel Aircraft Industries Kfir (Hebrew: כְּפִיר, "Lion Cub") was an Israeli-built all-weather, multirole combat aircraft based on a heavily modified French Dassault Mirage 5 airframe, with Israeli avionics and an Israeli-made version of the General Electric J79 turbojet engine. The Kfir entered service with the IAF in 1975 in the C.1 version, but the updated C.2 with canard foreplanes and "dogtoothed" leading edges on the wings for better maneuverability followed soon. The export aircraft for Denmark were basically of C.2 standard, but the RDAF had these aircraft further modified and brought up to the Drakens’ WDNS standard. This modification gave the Danish Kfirs a true all-weather ground attack capability, which was superior to the Drakens’ potential in many ways. The latter were only capable of carrying outdated and rather unreliable AGM-12 Bullpup AGMs, as well as iron bombs or pods with unguided rockets. The modified Kfirs (locally designated F-21D and nicknamed 'Løve' (= Lion, as a translation of the type’s original name and hinting at a ‘more mature’ version), were not only able to carry state-of-the-art smart weapons like the AGM-65 Maverick or various HOBOS and Paveway guided bombs, they were also able to carry external sensor equipment like a TISEO (Target Identification System Electro-Optical), FLIR (Forward Looking Infra Red) or LANTIRN (Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night) pod. This offered, together with the LRMTS in the nose, a true and very flexible all-weather strike capability. Furthermore, the RDAF F-21Ds were able to carry more powerful electronic countermeasures which would significantly improve the type's survivability in hostile environment. Most significant external difference of the Danish Kfir to its Israeli C.2 brethren was a modified nose with a stepped shape, similar to the updated Draken fighter bombers – the Kfir’s original, telemetric Elta Systems radar was omitted. Another modification for Denmark was an integral ALQ-162 jammer and an ALR-69 radar warning system, housed in a characteristic pod on top of the fin. Less obvious changes included a beefed-up landing gear with an anti-brake system, night formation lights to NATO standard, a new Martin Baker ejection seat, a modern glass cockpit (with HMD capability and two 127×177mm MFDs) and the avionics to carry and deploy various guided weapons. Even though the F-21Ds had an excellent rate of climb and top speed, and were able to carry up to six AIM-9 Sidewinder AAMs and retained their 30mm cannons, they were exclusively used in the ground attack/fighter bomber role. They replaced the last F-100D in Danish service at Eskadrille 727 and 730, relieving the F-35 fleet during the update measures and also filling gaps in the F-104G ranks, as some aircraft had been lost in accidents. The RDAF retired their Starfighters in 1986, being replaced by F-16 in the interceptor role. Being just a gap-filler, though, the Løve only had an active service career of 12 years in the RDAF. It was gradually taken away from front line service from 1990 on, as more and more brand new F-16 became available. By this time, the F-21D fleet had also already been reduced to 16 aircraft through several flight accidents and engine failures. The last Danish Kfir/Løve was finally retired together with the Danish Saab 35 fleet in 1993. The remaining aircraft were returned to Israel, where they were partly stored and partly revamped to c.7 standard and sold to other foreign customers like Sri Lanka. General characteristics Crew: One Length (incl. pitot): 15.73 m (51 ft 6 1/4 in) Wingspan: 8.22 m (26 ft 11½ in) Height: 4.61 m (14 ft 11 3/4 in) Wing area: 34.8 m² (374.6 sq ft) Empty weight: 7,285 kg (16,060 lb) Loaded weight: 11,603 kg (25,580 lb) two 500 L drop tanks, two AAMs Max. take-off weight: 16,200 kg (35,715 lb) Powerplant: 1× General Electric J-79-J1E turbojet (IAl Bedek-built) with a dry thrust of 52.9 kN (11,890 lb st) and 79.62 kN (17,900 lb st) with afterburner Performance Maximum speed: 2,440 km/h (2 Mach, 1,317 knots, 1,516 mph) above 11,000 m (36,000 ft) Combat radius: 768 km (415 nmi, 477 mi) in ground attack configuration, hi-lo-hi profile, seven 500 lb bombs, two AAMs, two 1,300 L drop tanks) Service ceiling: 17,680 m (58,000 ft) Rate of climb: 233 m/s (45,950 ft/min) Armament: 2× Rafael-built 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 553 cannons, 140 rounds/gun under the air intakes 7× external hardpoints under the wings and fuselage for up to 5,775 kg (12,730 lb) of payload, including unguided air-to-ground rockets, AIM-9 Sidewinder AAMs; AGM-45 Shrike ARMs, AGM-65 Maverick ASMs, Mark 80 series bombs, Paveway series of LGBs, CBUs, BLU-107 Matra Durandal, reconnaissance pods, drop tanks or other tactical equipment like sensor pods. The kit and its assembly: This was a spontaneous idea when I stumbled across a cockpit detail set from Pavla for the Saab Draken. The cockpit itself was not so interesting for me (actually passed it on to a friend who has some Draken kits in store…), but the set included the characteristic, kinked nose of the reconnaissance Draken which was also used for the upgraded, Danish fighter bombers. I wondered onto which aircraft this piece could be grafted on, creating a fantasy fighter in Danish service… As in many cases, the idea of building an aircraft in the characteristic livery of its user was another major factor behind this whif project: the all-green Danish F-100, with their quickly deteriorating finish. This look is a true modelling challenge, but I did not want to build an F-100. The F-104 was a candidate, but that was not whiffy enough. In the end, I came up with the venerable Kfir as a conversion basis. Not only does the Kfir fit in size to the Draken’s camera nose, the type’s introduction in the mid-70ies would also fall in a very plausible time frame to create a rather low-budget F-100 replacement for Denmark, before the F-16 came to Europe in the 80ies. Said and done, I got me an Italeri Kfir C.7 and started. I have built more than a dozen of these kits, so I know its trouble zones well: the cockpit tub is hard to install properly, the fit between wings, fuselage and air intakes is tricky, and you can add some more details on the hull, as well as weapon stations. Expect some putty work – OOB it won’t fall together well. For the price it is hard to beat, though, the Hasegawa alternative is much more expensive but does IMHO not justify this premium. As I wanted to create a "modern" fighter bomber (well, for its time and RDAF standards), the WDNS nose was not enough, and the idea of adding external sensor pods, combined with AGM-65s as payload, was born. This would also create a nice color contrast to the otherwise all-green aircraft, and distract a bit from the striking, white landing gear... The Mavericks with their launch rails come from a Heller F-5E, the sensor pods from an Italeri F-16C/D kit. A new seat was implanted into the cockpit, as well as a Matchbox pilot and a HUD. The jammer/RWR pod on top of the fin was scratched, using updated Danish Drakens as benchmarks. All around the fuselage some small details were added (air scoops, pitots, blade antennae) that are simply missing in the Italeri kit - but they are really just small things. Painting and markings: Well, this one is simple and tricky at the same time. An all-green aircraft sounds primitive, but it can easily look very boring and unnatural. And there’s another twist: it is actually VERY difficult to find a good tone that represents the "SM/67" dark green that was used on Danish aircraft. FS 34079 is frequently recommended, but IMHO it is "too green", and too light as a basic tone. The real stuff has a (relative) olive drab touch, a bit more yellow-, even brown-ish, it reminds a bit of RAL 6014. The paint’s quick deterioration, esp. of the early matt finishes, makes it hard to define, too. But there are some museum aircraft pictures which yield a good impression of the tone when you compare pictures from different angles and in different light conditions. In the end, it’s still a guesstimate. I accidently found a great option for “SM/67” among the new RLM enamels from Humbrol: 253, RLM 83! It fits right between FS 34079 and RAL 6014, and it is also dark enough. The overall impression is very good. In order to add some visual excitement I weathered the aircraft – not as dramatic as many F-100s look like, but it should become a typical matt green RDAF aircraft, with all of the effects on the exterior. The later, glossy paint finish kept an almost immaculate look, and appeared in a much more olive-drab-like tone, even though it is still SM/67 dark green. Painting was done with brushes, and I faced some trouble with the new RLM enamel: pigments appear to be pretty large, and they would not mix well with the thinner. As a result, the paint would not dry up as an opaque coat, requiring at least two, better three layers of paint. Not optimal – I more or less solved this challenge through a thin basic layer which worked like a primer, onto which a truly covering, thicker layer was applied. But it just took more paint than necessary to get the Kfir green, I hope the other RLM tones do not suffer from the same flaw… Weathering was done just with slightly lightened/toned Humbrol 253, applied with a brush. I used mixes of 253 and 116 (with varying shares of the lighter 116, depending on the area of the model and also to avoid a uniform look) as well as 253 and 155. A black ink wash darkened the whole thing considerably, esp. the basic 253 coat which turned out to be very matt, with a coarse and open surface that would almost soak up the black ink pigments. Some soot stains were added with grinded graphite, which yields a metallic shine and a very smooth, fading of the stains around the guns, nozzle and various air outlets. Some bare aluminum was also applied at leading edges and panel joints. The landing gear was painted all-white, with gray wheel disks and bright red brake covers. The whole landing gear was heavily washed with black ink, too. The cockpit was held in medium gray, and the added pilot received a low-viz outfit without bright colors or a “bone dome”. The RDAF markings come from an Xtradecal F-100 sheet, the warning stencils were taken from the original, vast Kfir decal sheet, plus some more from the scrap box, like the Kfir badges on the fin or the formation stripes. With all the red stencils the aircraft lost much of its green dullness! The ordnance was painted in light grey, and the sensor pods became white and medium gray, just to add some variety and have a contrast to the all-green rest of the aircraft. Finally, everything was sealed under a matt acrylic varnish. In the end, the Danish Kfir looks very natural, the dark livery and the shorter nose suit the sleek type very well! Since this was no big conversion (except for the new nose, which fits well into its new place!), the overall build went smoothly, in about a week from sprues to photos.
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Shoppingmall & Promenade KIJKDUIN...........and The NORTH SEA

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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kijkduin 1

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Scheveningse duinen

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Kijkduin Beach Sunset

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Kijkduin

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Kijkduin

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Vuurtoren Kijkduin

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Kijkduin

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Blick von Kijkduin über die Dünen nach Scheveningen

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Kijkduin

Widerstandsnest 67 HL, Stichting Atlantikwall Musuem Scheveningen, The Hague, The Netherlands
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